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Properties of the Atmosphere
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Forecasting and Simulating Severe Weather
Atmospheric Stability
Forces and Force Balances
The Development of High- and Low-Pressure Systems
Airmasses and Fronts
Extratropical Cyclones Forming East of the Rocky Mountains
Extratropical Cyclones Forming Along the East and Gulf Coasts
Freezing Precipitation and Ice Storms
Lake Effect Snowstorms
Cold Waves
Great Plains Blizzards
Mountain Snowstorms
Mountain Windstorms
Thunderstorms
Tornadoes
Hailstorms
Lightning
Downbursts
El Niño, La Niña, and the Southern Oscillation
Tropical Cyclones
Floods
Drought
Heat Waves

Properties of the Atmosphere

Scales of Motion - Several cyclones can be seen in this animation. Extratropical cyclones can cover an area almost as large as a third of the continental United States. These are the parent storms of many types of severe weather. Note that during the animation Hurricane Isabel (2003) forms in the Atlantic Ocean and approaches the eastern coast of the United States. Tropical cyclones are normally much smaller in area than extratropical cyclones, but can have much stronger winds and lower central pressures. Thunderstorms appear in many locations on the animation. For example, on September 16 thunderstorms develop in otherwise clear conditions over the Nebraska/Oklahoma border. Thunderstorms are much smaller than cyclones. Nevertheless, these storms can produce extremely destructive weather, including tornadoes, strong straight-line winds, lightning, hail, and flash floods.

Department of Atmospheric Sciences Severe and Hazardous Weather at Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Illinois